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Understanding the economic impact of immigration is particularly important for New Zealand, given that past international inward and outward migration flows have contributed to a population of which an estimated 1 in 4 is foreign born—a figure well above the OECD average of 1 in 10. Thus, it is vital to better understand and quantify the importance of immigration, as well as its consequences, in terms of supporting and developing New Zealand’s economy as well as the Wellington economy. There have been some big picture shifts and movements in immigration internationally that will impact not only on New Zealand but also on the Wellington region. These shifts will have a significant impact on the future labour force and investment opportunities in New Zealand and in the region. Some of these shifts include an increase in scale and diversity of migrants, changing labour markets and increased competition for skilled migrants.